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AIM: To evaluate the characteristics of choriocapillary blood flow in different patients with diabetic retinopathy(DR)based on the measurement of choriocapillaris(CC)perfusion density(PFD)using ultra-high-speed swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography(SS-OCTA)METHODS: The cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 139 cases(139 eyes)who admitted to the Second People's Hospital of Hefei, including 115 DR cases(115 eyes)and 24 control cases(24 eyes). The color retinal images were graded according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study(ETDRS)scale, and the DR eyes were classified into non-DR group, nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)group, NPDR combined with diabetic macular edema(DME)group and proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)group. The ultra-high-speed SS-OCTA was used to scan a 3mm×3mm region centered on the macular central fovea, the CC perfusion area was measured by the built-in software, and PFD was calculated. Multivariable linear regressions were used to evaluate the correlation between PFD of CC and DR degree.RESULTS: The degree of DR had a correlation with blood perfusion of CC after adjusting for various confounding factors. When compared to the control group, the PFD of CC in the central fovea of the NPDR group decreased by 9.358 units(95%CI -18.484～-0.232, P=0.045)and 9.284 units in the paracentral fovea(95%CI -18.487～-0.090, P=0.048); In the NPDR combined with DME group, the central fovea CC PFD decreased by 18.173 units(95%CI -28.583～-7.762, P=0.001), while the paracentral fovea decreased by 17.032 units(95%CI -27.521～-6.544, P=0.002); In the PDR group, the central fovea CC PFD decreased by 28.309 units(95%CI -39.978～-16.640, P<0.001), while the paracentral fovea decreased by 25.841 units(95%CI -37.597～-14.085, P<0.001).CONCLUSION: The macular perfusion can be objectively quantified by the measurement of CC PFD with ultra-high-speed SS-OCTA. The CC PFD in the macular region was significantly reduced in more advanced stages of DR. Furthermore, future research should focus on longitudinal studies in the causal relationship between CC perfusion and DR progression.
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AIM: To investigate the changes in retinal and choroidal blood flow after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 35 patients(35 eyes)who were diagnosed as monocular PDR and received 23GPPV in ophthalmology department of the Second People's Hospital of Hefei between September 2020 and July 2022. All eyes underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography(SS-OCTA)examination. Retinal and choroidal vascular parameters within 3mm×3mm of macular zone were measured by built-in analyzer, and its correlation with postoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)was analyzed.RESULTS: The follow-up was 1～22(average 9.72±6.67)mo. At the last follow-up, flow area(FA)of intermediate capillary plexus(ICP)layer in paranasal foveal region was significantly reduced in PPV eyes(0.31±0.06mm2)compared with contralateral eyes(0.38±0.05mm2), and FA of deep capillary plexus(DCP)in temporal foveal region was significantly lower in PPV eyes(0.19±0.08mm2)than contralateral eyes(0.27±0.07mm2; all P<0.05). Choroidal vascularity index(CVI)were lower in PPV eyes than contralateral eyes in parafoveal subregions except temporal region(P<0.05). After PPV, BCVA had a certain correlation with the density and FA of middle and deep retinal vessels.CONCLUSIONS: Eyes with severe PDR may be prone to having a decrease in the DCP and parafoveal choroidal perfusion in the parafoveal regions after PPV than contralateral eyes.
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AIM:To compare the choroidal parameters in children and adolescents with different refractive status, and to investigate the associations between ocular biometrics and choroidal parameters.METHODS:A cross sectional study. A total of 121 healthy children and adolescents(121 right eyes)aged 3-18 years treated in the Second People's Hospital of Hefei were collected. The data were divided into three groups according to spherical equivalent refraction(SER): emmetropia(-0.50<SER≤+1.75D), low myopia(-3.00<SER≤-0.50D)and moderate-to-high myopia(SER≤-3.00D). Ocular biometrics were measured by using the IOL Master. Data of the choroidal structures extracted from a 6mm sub-macular region centered on the fovea, including choroidal thickness(CT), the total choroidal area(TCA), luminal area(LA), stromal area(SA)and choroidal vascularity index(CVI)were determined by image binarization of the enhanced depth imaging-optical coherence tomography(EDI-OCT). Comparing all biology parameters among the three groups, associations among demographic factors, ocular parameters, and choroidal structures were evaluated by using multiple linear regression analysis.RESULTS:TCA, LA, SA and CT were all different among the three groups before age correction(all P<0.001), and CVI was not different(P >0.05). TCA, LA, SA, CT and CVI were found to be statistically different among the three groups after age correction(all P<0.001), and there were differences in pairwise comparisons of TCA, LA, SA and CT among the three groups(all P<0.001), which were the highest in emmetropic eyes and lowest in moderate-to-high myopic eyes, However, the CVI in pairwise comparisons among the three groups showed that only the moderate-to-high myopia group was significantly lower than the emmetropic group(P=0.014). Multiple regression analysis showed that the LA was significantly associated with SER(P=0.020), whereas CT were significantly associated with the axial length(AL)(P=0.028).CONCLUSIONS: The choroidal LA and CVI tend to decrease in children and adolescents with higher myopia, indicating that the decrease of sub-foveal choroidal blood flow may be related to the progression of myopia.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-VitD3) supplementation on cerebral injury after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in mice with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).@*METHODS@#Male C57BL6 mice were randomly divided into Sham group, Vehicle group and 1,25-VitD3 group, with 10 mice in each group. Vehicle group and 1,25-VitD3 group were given MCAO for 1 hour, and then killed after reperfusion for 24 hours. Mice in 1,25-VitD3 group were treated with 1,25-VitD3 at the dose of 100 ng/(kg·d) by injected intraperitoneally for 5 days before MCAO operation. Cerebral ischemic penumbra areas of each group were collected for TTC staining, RT-PCR, TTC staining and immunohistochemistry assay. The function defect of mice was evaluated by using neurological function score.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the sham group, the volume of cerebral infarction in Vehicle group was increased significantly, and the expressions of IL-6, IL-1beta and Gp91phox in brain tissues were increased significantly (P＜0.05); compared with Vehicle group, supplementation of 1,25-VitD3 reduced the volume of cerebral infarction by about 50% in I/R mice (P＜0.05), and the expressions of IL-6, IL-1beta and Gp91phox in brain tissues of 1,25-VitD3 group were decreased significantly (P＜0.05). The expression of Foxp3, a T-regulatory cell marker, was significantly increased in the brain of mice (P＜0.05), while the expression of Rorc, a transcription factor, was significantly decreased (P＜0.05), suggesting that Th17/gamma Delta T-cell response was reduced and the number of neutrophils in the brain injury site of mice was significantly reduced (P＜0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Vitamin D could alleviate the development of cerebral infarction after arterial occlusion (MCAO) reperfusion, and its mechanism may be through regulating the inflammatory response in mouse brain I/R.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Brain , Cytokines , Metabolism , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery , Drug Therapy , Inflammation , Mice, Inbred C57BL , NADPH Oxidase 2 , Metabolism , Protective Agents , Pharmacology , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reperfusion Injury , Drug Therapy , T-Lymphocytes , Th17 Cells , Vitamin D , PharmacologyABSTRACT
@#AIM: To study the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of Macrophage Scavenger Receptor 1(MSR1)gene in xanthelasma palpebrarum patients.<p>METHODS: We drew peripheral venous blood from 20 xanthelasma palpebrarum patients and 20 healthy participants. We detected the SNPs of MSR1 gene with Sanger sequencing, examined serum lipids and α-lipoprotein of the patients, and scanned carotid arteries of the patients with color ultrasound. After that, we kept on observation of the participants.<p>RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the SNPs of MSR1 genotype between xanthelasma palpebrarum patients and healthy participants. However, in some patients with carotid atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia, there were homozygous mutations at S2-SNP1, S5-SNP2 and S5-SNP4 in the exon region of MSR1 gene, which were related to atherosclerosis.<p>CONCLUSION: Xanthelasma palpebrarum is related to SNPs of MSR1 in atherosclerosis.
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AIM:To explore the association of the mutation in PPP2R3A exons and retinoblastoma.METHODS:Hospital-based case control study was taken.Retinoblastoma patients (15 cases, as case group) and matched controls (30 controls, as control group) were recruited in this study.Genomic DNA obtained from formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) and peripheral blood were used as template.PPP2R3A gene exon sequences were detected by PCR-sequencing.Homology analysis was performed using blastn in GenBank.RESULTS:Analyzing PPP2R3A DNA sequences (1001bp) from 15 cases, two reported SNPs had been detected, including rs34629706 and rs144802055.Rs34629706 also occurred in the control group.Rs144802055 appeared only in the case group.CONCLUSION:PPP2R3A gene SNPs of rs34629706 is unrelated to the incidence of retinoblastoma.Relations between rs144802055 and RB needs to be further explored.
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AIM:To study the KIF21A gene mutation in a Han family with concomitant exotropia. ·METHODS: The genomic DNA of five family members was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes and amplified with PCR. The PCR products were purified for DNA sequencing. DNA sequences were aligned with the human KIF21A gene sequences registered in GenBank. · RESULTS: Mutation analysis of all exons of the pedigree's KIF21A gene reveals no gene mutation in any of the families. ·CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that the KIF21A gene maybe is not virulence gene in this pedigree.